English Language
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In advanced English syntax, prepositional valency and idiomatic particle combinations often exhibit strict structural constraints and subtle semantic nuances. Consider the following four advanced propositions regarding phrasal and prepositional verbs:I. The phrasal verb 'to fall back on' is a three-part phrasal-prepositional verb that is strictly inseparable, meaning a nominal or pronominal object must invariably follow the final prepositional element.II. Separable transitive phrasal verbs (such as 'to look up' or 'to turn down') permit a nominal direct object to occupy either the intervening position between the verb and the particle or the position following the particle, whereas pronominal direct objects must obligatorily occupy the final position after the particle.III. The prepositional verb 'to account for' allows the prepositional complement to be fronted in wh-interrogatives and relative clauses without stranding the preposition at the end of the clause (e.g., 'For what do you account?' is the preferred modern natural realization in everyday spoken discourse).IV. Intransitive phrasal verbs (such as 'to break down' or 'to give in') do not take direct objects, but they can be converted into prepositional or phrasal-prepositional verbs by appending an additional prepositional complement (e.g., 'to break down into categories').Identify the option that correctly evaluates the syntactic validity of propositions I, II, III, and IV according to standard English grammar.
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Detailed Explanation
To determine the correct evaluation, let us analyze each proposition:
• Proposition I is correct: Three-part phrasal-prepositional verbs (e.g., 'put up with', 'fall back on') are invariably inseparable. The object must follow the final preposition.
• Proposition II is incorrect: While separable transitive phrasal verbs allow nominal objects to either intervene or follow the particle, pronominal objects (like it or them) MUST obligatorily occupy the intervening position (e.g., 'turn it down' is correct; *'turn down it'* is ungrammatical), not the final position.
• Proposition III is incorrect: Although prepositional verbs permit preposition fronting in formal register (e.g., 'For what do you account?'), it is highly archaic and unnatural in everyday modern spoken discourse, where preposition stranding ('What do you account for?') is standard.
• Proposition IV is correct: Intransitive phrasal verbs do not take direct objects on their own, but many can take a prepositional complement to form a prepositional or phrasal-prepositional construction (e.g., 'to break down into parts').
For a comprehensive understanding of these lexical categories, consult the Wikipedia Reference on phrasal verbs.
• Proposition I is correct: Three-part phrasal-prepositional verbs (e.g., 'put up with', 'fall back on') are invariably inseparable. The object must follow the final preposition.
• Proposition II is incorrect: While separable transitive phrasal verbs allow nominal objects to either intervene or follow the particle, pronominal objects (like it or them) MUST obligatorily occupy the intervening position (e.g., 'turn it down' is correct; *'turn down it'* is ungrammatical), not the final position.
• Proposition III is incorrect: Although prepositional verbs permit preposition fronting in formal register (e.g., 'For what do you account?'), it is highly archaic and unnatural in everyday modern spoken discourse, where preposition stranding ('What do you account for?') is standard.
• Proposition IV is correct: Intransitive phrasal verbs do not take direct objects on their own, but many can take a prepositional complement to form a prepositional or phrasal-prepositional construction (e.g., 'to break down into parts').
For a comprehensive understanding of these lexical categories, consult the Wikipedia Reference on phrasal verbs.
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