त्वरित लिंक्स
English Language
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In the pedagogical framework of English Language Teaching (ELT), the principles of language teaching and the evolution of methodologies reflect distinct psychological and linguistic theories. Consider the following complex propositions regarding language teaching principles and the Communicative Approach:I. The principle of 'habit formation' in audio-lingualism is rooted in Skinnerian behaviorism, positing that language acquisition occurs through stimulus-response-reinforcement conditioning and extensive pattern drilling, whereas the Communicative Approach rejects this by emphasizing cognitive constructivism and meaningful interaction.II. According to the Lexical Approach, language consists not of traditional grammar rules and vocabulary items, but largely of multi-word prefabricated chunks, conventionalized collocations, and formulaic routines that facilitate fluent processing.III. In Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT), a direct offshoot of Communicative Language Teaching, pedagogical tasks are strictly defined as grammar-focused exercises requiring the mechanical substitution of inflectional morphemes and structural paradigms.IV. The affective filter hypothesis, as integrated into communicative and natural language teaching frameworks, suggests that low anxiety, high self-confidence, and positive motivation are critical psychological preconditions that lower mental barriers to second language acquisition.Identify the option that correctly evaluates the validity of propositions I, II, III, and IV.
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Detailed Explanation
Propositions I, II, and IV are valid. Proposition I correctly identifies that audio-lingualism relies on behaviorist habit formation, whereas the Communicative Approach focuses on cognitive and social constructivism. Proposition II accurately reflects Michael Lewis's Lexical Approach, which prioritizes multi-word chunks and collocations. Proposition IV correctly incorporates Stephen Krashen's affective filter hypothesis into language teaching. Proposition III is invalid because TBLT focuses on meaning-centered, goal-oriented tasks rather than mechanical grammar substitution. For further reading, consult the Wikipedia Reference on Communicative Language Teaching.
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