त्वरित लिंक्स
English Language
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In the epistemological architecture of modern language pedagogy, the Communicative Approach (Communicative Language Teaching or CLT) redefined second-language acquisition by prioritizing functional use, interaction, and learner-centeredness over rote structural drilling. Consider the following four advanced propositions regarding the principles of language teaching and the Communicative Approach:I. According to David Nunan and Prabhu's task-based frameworks, communicative tasks must feature a primary focus on meaning, a clear non-linguistic communicative outcome, and an assessment based on task completion rather than merely accurate structural reproduction.II. The weak version of Communicative Language Teaching (CLT), as articulated by communicative theorists like H.G. Widdowson, posits that learners should acquire language *through* communication by engaging exclusively in unguided immersive immersion, strictly prohibiting any explicit focus on linguistic code features, grammar rules, or form.III. Sociolinguistic and discourse competencies, as incorporated into Canale and Swain's expanded model of communicative competence, require learners to understand register appropriateness, cohesive ties, and coherence rules across diverse social contexts, moving beyond mere sentence-level grammatical accuracy.IV. Authentic materials (such as unedited broadcasts, journalistic editorials, and literary excerpts) serve a critical pedagogical function in CLT by exposing learners to natural discourse markers, redundancy, and authentic hesitation phenomena, thereby bridging the gap between artificial classroom drills and real-world communicative demands.Identify the option that correctly evaluates the pedagogical, theoretical, and linguistic validity of propositions I, II, III, and IV according to modern language teaching methodology and Communicative Language Teaching theory.
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Detailed Explanation
To evaluate the propositions regarding the Communicative Approach: Proposition I is correct because Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT) prioritizes meaning, goal-oriented interaction, and task completion. Proposition II is incorrect because the *weak* version of CLT ('learning to communicate') permits a balanced integration of structural focus and communicative practice, whereas the *strong* version ('learning *through* communication') relies on immersive use without separate structural instruction. Proposition III is correct because Canale and Swain's model explicitly includes sociolinguistic and discourse competencies alongside grammatical and strategic skills. Proposition IV is correct because authentic materials expose learners to natural discourse features. For further reading, consult Communicative Language Teaching theory.
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निम्नलिखित वाक्य में प्रयुक्त 'Active Voice' को 'Passive Voice' में बदलने पर सबसे सही विकल्प कौन सा होगा?
वाक्य: "The committee is discussing the crucial matter right now."
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