निम्नलिखित वाक्य में प्रयुक्त 'Direct Speech' को 'Indirect Speech' में बदलने पर सबसे सही विकल्प कौन सा होगा? वाक्य: "He said to her, 'What a wonderful painting you have made!'"

Detailed Explanation

इस वाक्य में दिया गया डायरेक्ट स्पीच एक 'Exclamatory Sentence' (विस्मयादिबोधक वाक्य) है जो 'What' से शुरू होकर आश्चर्य (wonder/applause) व्यक्त करता है। नियम के अनुसार, ऐसे वाक्यों को इनडायरेक्ट स्पीच में बदलते समय 'said to' को 'exclaimed with wonder/joy' में बदला जाता है, कॉमा (,) की जगह 'that' का प्रयोग होता है, और वाक्य को Assertive वाक्य में बदलकर Tense को तदनुसार (Present Perfect 'have made' को Past Perfect 'had made' में) परिवर्तित किया जाता है। अतः विकल्प (a) सबसे सही उत्तर है।

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→ In advanced English syntax and diathesis alternation, voice conversion involves intricate structural reconfigurations, case-marking adjustments, and non-canonical argument promotion. Consider the following four advanced propositions regarding active and passive voice conversion: I. When converting a ditransitive clause containing both a direct object and an indirect object (e.g., *'The committee awarded the scholar a prestigious fellowship'*) into the passive voice, either the indirect object or the direct object can be promoted to subject position, yielding two structurally well-formed passive variants (*'The scholar was awarded a prestigious fellowship by the committee'* or *'A prestigious fellowship was awarded to the scholar by the committee'*). II. 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Inseparable phrasal-prepositional verbs (such as *'look forward to'* or *'put up with'*) are three-part constructions where both nominal and pronominal objects must invariably follow the final prepositional element, rendering any attempt to insert an object between the verb and particles ungrammatical.II. Separable transitive phrasal verbs (such as *'bring about'* or *'turn down'*) permit a nominal direct object to occupy either the intervening position between the lexical verb and the particle or the position following the particle, whereas pronominal direct objects are strictly restricted to the final post-particle position.III. The prepositional verb *'account for'* allows the prepositional complement to be fronted in wh-interrogatives and formal relative clauses, a syntactic process that often results in preposition stranding or formal pied-piping depending on the stylistic register.IV. 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Developmental errors are systematic deviations produced by learners as they actively construct and test hypotheses about the target language's grammatical rules, closely mirroring the natural stages observed in first language acquisition regardless of the learners' native linguistic backgrounds. II. Induced errors (or teacher-induced errors) typically result from pedagogical practices, such as misleading explanations, premature or oversimplified instructional rules, textbook presentation flaws, or excessive rote drills that lead learners to misapply structural patterns. III. According to Larry Selinker's interlanguage hypothesis, fossilization represents a permanent or semi-permanent stabilization of deviant linguistic forms in a learner's developing linguistic system, which stubbornly persists even after years of advanced exposure, formal instruction, and communicative practice. IV. 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