त्वरित लिंक्स
English Language
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In advanced English syntax and prepositional complementation, the selection of appropriate prepositions and phrasal verbs depends heavily on idiom specificity, valence, and semantic nuance. Consider the following four advanced propositions regarding prepositions and phrasal verbs: I. The phrasal verb 'to dispense with' functions as a transitive, inseparable unit meaning to dispense or manage without something, whereas the verb 'to dispense' used without the preposition 'with' means to distribute or administer (e.g., 'The pharmacist dispenses medicine', but 'The committee decided to dispense with formalities'). II. When expressing a state of active pursuit or energetic engagement under pressure, the idiom 'to press for' requires the preposition 'for' to introduce the desired object or concession, whereas 'to press upon' or 'to press on' denotes urging urgently or continuing forward regardless of obstacles. III. In complex prepositional complements involving abstract concepts of liability, the adjective 'liable' is standardly followed by the preposition 'to' when indicating legal responsibility or susceptibility (e.g., 'liable to prosecution' or 'liable to error'), whereas it takes the preposition 'for' when expressing direct financial responsibility for a specific debt or damage (e.g., 'liable for damages'). IV. The prepositional idiom 'in compliance with' functions as a complex prepositional phrase meaning 'acting in accordance with a rule or request', and it can be seamlessly substituted by 'in accordance to' without any grammatical error or violation of standard English prepositional norms. Identify the option that correctly evaluates the syntactic, grammatical, and semantic validity of propositions I, II, III, and IV according to standard English grammar and Preposition and postposition principles.
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Detailed Explanation
Let us analyze each proposition in detail:
- **Proposition I is correct:** The phrasal verb 'to dispense with' means to manage without something or to forgo/abolish it, whereas 'to dispense' alone means to distribute, administer, or supply (e.g., dispensing medication or justice).
- **Proposition II is correct:** 'To press for' takes 'for' to indicate striving toward a specific goal or concession (e.g., 'to press for reforms'), while 'to press on' or 'upon' carries distinct meanings related to continuing forward or bearing down heavily on someone.
- **Proposition III is correct:** The adjective 'liable' governs 'to' when denoting susceptibility or legal subjection ('liable to error', 'liable to a fine') and governs 'for' when denoting financial or legal accountability for a specific debt or harm ('liable for the broken equipment').
- **Proposition IV is incorrect:** While 'in compliance with' and 'in accordance with' are standard, the phrase 'in accordance to' violates standard English prepositional government; the correct idiom is strictly 'in accordance *with*'.
Therefore, propositions I, II, and III are valid, making option (a) the correct choice according to standard Preposition and postposition guidelines.
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