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In advanced English morphosyntax and voice diathesis, active-to-passive voice transformations frequently encounter complex syntactic configurations involving phrasal verbs, pseudo-passive intransitives, stative verbs expressing psychological states, and complex infinitive complements. Consider the following four advanced propositions regarding active and passive voice conversion: I. When an active sentence contains a phrasal verb where the particle is tightly bound to the lexical verb (e.g., 'The international relief team ran out of medical supplies'), standard English allows the entire phrasal-prepositional unit to be passivized by promoting the complement of the preposition to the subject position while stranding the particle and preposition adjacent to the verb (e.g., *'Medical supplies were run out of by the international relief team'*), which is syntactically well-formed across all standard registers. II. When an active clause features a stative verb expressing possession, containment, or static measure (e.g., 'This historic vault contains invaluable medieval manuscripts' or 'The spacious auditorium seats five hundred delegates'), converting these sentences into the passive voice (e.g., *'Invaluable medieval manuscripts are contained by this historic vault'*) is generally awkward, dispreferred, or outright ungrammatical in standard English because stative transitive verbs of measure and containment often reject agentive promotion. III. In active causative and perception constructions where a verb takes a bare infinitive (e.g., 'The harsh economic sanctions made the corporation reduce its workforce'), the passive transformation obligatorily restores the full to-infinitive marker 'to' in the derived passive structure (e.g., 'The corporation was made to reduce its workforce by the harsh economic sanctions'), satisfying strict syntactic valency requirements. IV. When an active sentence features an objective complement following a direct object in complex transitive structures (e.g., 'The board of directors elected Dr. Aristhorp Chairperson of the committee'), the direct object must be promoted to the subject position, while the objective complement functions as a subject complement in the passive counterpart, resulting in 'Dr. Aristhorp was elected Chairperson of the committee by the board of directors'. Identify the option that correctly evaluates the grammatical, syntactic, and semantic validity of propositions I, II, III, and IV according to standard English grammar and English passive voice principles.

Detailed Explanation

Let us evaluate each advanced proposition regarding active and passive voice conversion: * **Proposition I is incorrect.** While three-part phrasal-prepositional verbs like 'look forward to' or 'run out of' can sometimes permit passive structures in restricted contexts, strictly intransitive phrasal verbs or certain complex phrasal-prepositional verbs cannot freely undergo subject promotion of their prepositional objects when the verb is inherently non-passivizable (e.g., 'run out of' in this intransitive-derived sense resists standard agentive passive conversion, making 'Medical supplies were run out of...' highly marginal or ungrammatical in standard English). * **Proposition II is correct.** Stative verbs expressing containment, measure, or possession (such as *contain*, *possess*, *resemble*, *suit*, *fit*, *seat*) frequently resist passive transformation. While some prescriptive grammarians accept *'A is contained by B'*, standard stylistic and linguistic analyses note that these stative transitive verbs are semantically non-agentive and generally reject passive conversion in natural discourse. * **Proposition III is correct.** In active clauses where causative verbs (*make*, *bid*) or sensory verbs (*see*, *hear*, *observe*) take a bare infinitive, the passive transformation requires the insertion of the full infinitive marker 'to' (e.g., active: 'made the corporation reduce' $\rightarrow$ passive: 'was made *to* reduce'). This is a well-established morphological adjustment in English syntax. * **Proposition IV is correct.** In complex transitive structures containing an object and an objective complement (e.g., 'elected Dr. Aristhorp Chairperson'), promoting the direct object to subject position leaves the objective complement stranded as a subject complement (e.g., 'Dr. Aristhorp was elected Chairperson...'), which is entirely valid and grammatically correct. Therefore, propositions II, III, and IV are correct, while proposition I is incorrect. For a comprehensive overview, refer to the English passive voice documentation.
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अगला प्रश्न → In advanced English morphosyntax and tense usage, aspectual distinctions… ← पिछला प्रश्न In the study of psycholinguistics and language…

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