English Language
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In advanced English syntax, prepositional valency and idiomatic particle combinations often exhibit strict structural constraints. Consider the following four advanced propositions regarding phrasal and prepositional verbs:I. The phrasal verb 'to fall back on' is a three-part phrasal-prepositional verb that is strictly inseparable, meaning a nominal or pronominal object must invariably follow the final prepositional element.II. Separable transitive phrasal verbs (such as 'to look up' or 'to turn down') permit a nominal direct object to occupy either the intervening position between the verb and the particle or the position following the particle, whereas pronominal direct objects must obligatorily occupy the intervening position.III. The prepositional verb 'to account for' allows the prepositional complement to be fronted in wh-interrogatives and relative clauses without stranding the preposition at the end of the clause (e.g., 'For what do you account?' is the only acceptable modern syntactic realization in natural discourse).IV. Intransitive phrasal verbs (such as 'to break down' or 'to give in') do not take direct objects, but they can be converted into transitive prepositional verbs by appending an additional prepositional complement (e.g., 'to break down into categories').Identify the option that correctly evaluates the syntactic validity of propositions I, II, III, and IV according to standard English grammar.
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Detailed Explanation
To evaluate the propositions:
• Proposition I is correct: Three-part phrasal-prepositional verbs (such as 'fall back on', 'put up with', or 'look forward to') are invariably inseparable. Their complements must always follow the final particle/preposition.
• Proposition II is correct: Separable transitive phrasal verbs allow noun objects to be placed either between the verb and particle ('turn the offer down') or after the particle ('turn down the offer'). However, pronoun objects are strictly restricted to the intervening position ('turn it down', never *'turn down it'*).
• Proposition III is incorrect: While strictly formal registers might theoretically permit pied-piping ('For what do you account?'), it is highly archaic or marginal for this specific lexical item in natural discourse; preposition stranding ('What do you account for?') or substituting with verbs like 'explain' is vastly more idiomatic. Furthermore, prepositional verbs generally permit or prefer stranding in contemporary English.
• Proposition IV is correct: Many intransitive phrasal verbs can combine with prepositional phrases to extend their valency into prepositional-phrasal constructions.
For a detailed overview of how these structures function in English grammar, consult the Wikipedia Reference on Phrasal Verbs.
• Proposition I is correct: Three-part phrasal-prepositional verbs (such as 'fall back on', 'put up with', or 'look forward to') are invariably inseparable. Their complements must always follow the final particle/preposition.
• Proposition II is correct: Separable transitive phrasal verbs allow noun objects to be placed either between the verb and particle ('turn the offer down') or after the particle ('turn down the offer'). However, pronoun objects are strictly restricted to the intervening position ('turn it down', never *'turn down it'*).
• Proposition III is incorrect: While strictly formal registers might theoretically permit pied-piping ('For what do you account?'), it is highly archaic or marginal for this specific lexical item in natural discourse; preposition stranding ('What do you account for?') or substituting with verbs like 'explain' is vastly more idiomatic. Furthermore, prepositional verbs generally permit or prefer stranding in contemporary English.
• Proposition IV is correct: Many intransitive phrasal verbs can combine with prepositional phrases to extend their valency into prepositional-phrasal constructions.
For a detailed overview of how these structures function in English grammar, consult the Wikipedia Reference on Phrasal Verbs.
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