त्वरित लिंक्स
English Language
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In the theoretical paradigms of second language acquisition, Noam Chomsky's nativist theory and Stephen Krashen's Monitor Model provide foundational frameworks for understanding how human beings process linguistic input. Consider the following advanced propositions regarding their respective hypotheses:I. Chomsky's Universal Grammar (UG) and the Language Acquisition Device (LAD) posit that children are born with an innate blueprint containing abstract structural principles, which allows them to solve the 'poverty of the stimulus' problem effortlessly.II. Krashen's Acquisition-Learning Hypothesis asserts that conscious formal instruction (learning) can easily convert into subconscious communicative intuition (acquisition) through repetitive mechanical drilling and structural manipulation.III. Krashen's Monitor Model suggests that conscious language learning functions solely as an editor or monitor, which can only be utilized to inspect and alter utterances when the second language speaker has sufficient time, focuses on form, and knows the applicable grammatical rules.IV. Within Krashen's Affective Filter Hypothesis, variables such as high anxiety, low motivation, and self-doubt raise the affective filter, thereby creating a psychological blockade that prevents comprehensible input from reaching the language acquisition device.Identify the option that correctly evaluates the theoretical validity of propositions I, II, III, and IV according to contemporary applied linguistics.
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Detailed Explanation
Proposition II is invalid because Krashen's Acquisition-Learning Hypothesis explicitly maintains that acquired knowledge and learned knowledge are entirely separate systems; conscious learning *cannot* turn into subconscious acquisition. Propositions I, III, and IV accurately reflect the core tenets of Wikipedia Reference regarding nativist and monitor model theories.
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